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Capethok represents a later stage in the evolution of traditional firearms. Unlike the earlier Thiri Thoke , which depended on a burning wick for ignition, the Capethok used a small percussion cap fitted to the lock mechanism. The firearm was muzzle-loaded, with the charge and projectile introduced through the front of the barrel. Its long barrel and wooden stock gave it the characteristic appearance of the traditional long gun. Capethok became part of the established firearm tradition of Kodagu and continued the strong association of firearms with Kodava martial, hunting and social traditions.
A long wooden stock with a long metal barrel, percussion-cap ignition mechanism, trigger and ramrod. Traditional examples could have simple or decorated metal fittings and varying barrel lengths
Traditional use: Used for hunting, protection and martial purposes. Like earlier firearms, gunfire could also have a signalling role during important occasions and events in the community
Cultural significance: Capethoke strengthened the place of firearms in Kodava tradition. It represented the technological progression from Pondhi and Thiri Thoke to more advanced firearms while retaining the firearm's important association with Kodava identity, courage and martial heritage.
Historical context: Capethoke belongs to the period following the earlier Thiri Thoke . The change from wick ignition to percussion-cap ignition made the firearm a more advanced form of muzzle-loader. The traditional name Capethok is important to record, as “Cape” is understood to have developed as a corruption of the original word Cap.
The wooden stock was shaped to accommodate the barrel and lock. The metal barrel and caplock mechanism were fabricated and fitted to the stock, with a ramrod provided for the muzzle-loading process
Examples may differ in barrel length, stock proportions, metal fittings, decoration and overall weight. Double-barrel and single-barrel forms may also be encountered.
Its defining feature is the percussion-cap ignition system. The long barrel, wooden stock and traditional metalwork give surviving examples considerable historical and craft value
Reason for decline: Capethok eventually became obsolete as modern breech-loading and repeating firearms became available, while changes in hunting practices, regulations and household life further reduced its everyday use
Revival efforts: Surviving Capethok firearms can be preserved as heritage objects in museums, private collections and traditional homes. Documentation of their names, forms, ownership histories and cultural associations can help preserve this part of Kodava history
Firing of Cape Thoke
