Little Grebe — Gundmuluka (ಗುಂಡ್ಮುಲುಕ)

The Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), locally known as Gundmuluka (ಗುಂಡ್ಮುಲುಕ), is a small, compact waterbird commonly found in ponds, lakes, and wetlands across South Asia. It is famous for its diving ability, often disappearing underwater in an instant when disturbed.

Taxonomy and Systematics

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Aves
• Order: Podicipediformes
• Family: Podicipedidae
• Genus: Tachybaptus
• Species: T. ruficollis

Description

The Little Grebe is one of the smallest grebes, measuring about 23–29 cm in length.

• Breeding plumage: Rich dark brown body with a chestnut neck and cheeks, and a small pale patch at the base of the bill
• Non-breeding plumage: Paler, with a whitish throat and duller tones
• Body: Rounded and compact, often appearing “fluffy”
• Tail: Almost absent
• Bill: Short and pointed
• Feet: Lobed toes (not webbed), adapted for swimming

It is often seen low in the water, with only its head and back visible.

Distribution and Habitat

The Little Grebe is widely distributed across:

• India
• Sri Lanka
• Pakistan
• Bangladesh
• Myanmar

It prefers:

• Freshwater ponds and lakes
• Marshes and wetlands
• Slow-moving rivers
• Village tanks and irrigation reservoirs

In Kodagu, it is commonly seen in small ponds and agricultural water bodies.

Behaviour and Ecology

The Little Grebe is an excellent diver and spends much of its time in water.

• Dives frequently to catch prey
• Feeds on insects, small fish, tadpoles, and aquatic invertebrates
• Usually seen alone or in pairs
• Emits a distinctive trilling or whinnying call

When alarmed, it prefers diving over flying.

Breeding

• Breeding season typically aligns with monsoon and post-monsoon periods
• Builds floating nests made of aquatic vegetation
• Nests are often anchored to submerged plants
• Lays 3–6 eggs
• Chicks often ride on the parent’s back for protection

Cultural and Local Significance

Known as Gundmuluka (ಗುಂಡ್ಮುಲುಕ) in Kodava and Kannada-speaking regions, the bird is associated with village ponds and quiet waters. Its constant diving behavior makes it easily recognizable to locals, especially in agrarian landscapes.

Conservation Status

• Status: Least Concern (according to International Union for Conservation of Nature)
• Threats: Wetland pollution, habitat loss, and human disturbance

Despite these threats, it remains widespread and common.

Interesting Facts

• Nicknamed “dabchick” due to its diving habit
• Can stay underwater for extended periods to avoid predators
• Chicks have striped patterns, helping them camouflage
• Often builds nests that look like floating debris