Great Cormorant — Balya Neerkaake (ಬಲ್ಯ ನೀರ್ಕಾಕೆ)

The Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), One of the native birds form kodagu known as Balya Neerkaake (ಬಲ್ಯ ನೀರ್ಕಾಕೆ), is a large, powerful waterbird widely found across wetlands of India. It is one of the native birds of Kodagu, frequently seen near rivers, reservoirs, and large ponds.

Taxonomy and Systematics

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Aves
• Order: Suliformes
• Family: Phalacrocoracidae
• Genus: Phalacrocorax
• Species: P. carbo

Description

The Great Cormorant is a large, dark waterbird, measuring about 70–100 cm in length with a wingspan up to 160 cm.

• Plumage: Mostly black with a slight greenish or bronze sheen
• Breeding season: Develops white patches on the face and thighs
• Bill: Strong and hooked at the tip, ideal for catching fish
• Throat patch: Yellow and prominent
• Eyes: Greenish

A distinctive behavior is its wing-spreading posture, often seen drying its feathers after diving.

Distribution and Habitat

The species is widely distributed across:

• India
• Sri Lanka
• Pakistan
• Bangladesh

In Kodagu, it is commonly found around:

• Rivers like the Kaveri River
• Large water reservoirs
• Forest streams and wetlands

Behaviour and Ecology

The Great Cormorant is a skilled underwater hunter.

• Dives deep to catch fish using powerful legs
• Often swims low in water, with only the neck visible
• Perches on rocks or trees to dry wings after diving
• Can be seen alone or in groups

Unlike many waterbirds, its feathers are not fully waterproof, which is why it must dry them frequently.

Breeding

• Breeds during winter to early summer in many parts of India
• Nests in colonies, often with other waterbirds
• Builds nests on tall trees near water bodies
• Lays 3–5 eggs

Cultural and Local Significance

In Kodava regions, Balya Neerkaake is a familiar sight and part of the wetland ecosystem. The name reflects its nature:

• Neer = water
• Kaake = crow-like bird

Its presence near rivers and paddy fields connects it closely to traditional Kodagu landscapes.

Conservation Status

• Status: Least Concern (according to International Union for Conservation of Nature)
• Threats: Water pollution, overfishing, and habitat disturbance

The species remains widespread and stable.

Interesting Facts

• Can dive up to several meters underwater in search of fish
• Often swallows fish whole after catching them
• Uses its hooked bill to grip slippery prey
• Seen perched with wings spread, a classic and iconic pose